Summary Of Symbolism In Toni Morrisons Beloved - 882 Words

According to the article, â€Å"Slavery, by the Numbers,† â€Å"The importation of slaves into the United States was banned by Congress [. . .] in 1808, yet by 1860, the nation’s black population had jumped from 400,000 to 4.4 million, of which 3.9 million were slaves,† (Louis Gates Jr. par. 8). The setting in Beloved is Cincinatti, Ohio, in 1873, and ideas of slavery and discrimination are prominent. Toni Morrison uses symbolism, characters’ rationales, and events that mirror history to establish a historical perspective in her novel Beloved. Symbolism is used in Beloved represents historical events. For example, Sethe, one of the main characters in the novel states, â€Å"I got a tree on my back and a haint in my house [. . .] those boys came in there†¦show more content†¦This quote from the novel represents how Sethe’s actions were deeply influenced by the anguish being a slave caused her. Being a slave was so degrading and awful that death seemed like the best way to prevent it from impairing her child. Several events that occur in Beloved mirror situations in history. For example, Sethe states, â€Å"‘My woman? You mean my mother? [. . .] Right on her rib was a circle and a cross burnt right in the skin. She said, ‘This is your ma’am. This,’ [. . . ] ‘I am the only one got this mark now. The rest dead. If something happens to me and you can’t tell me by my face, you can know me by this mark’† (Morrison 60-61). In this quote, Sethe remembers an interaction between her and her mother. Sethe’s mother had been a slave, and she had been branded with hot iron, leaving a circular mark on her rib. According to the article â€Å"The Branding (and Baptism) of Slaves,† the author states, â€Å"The Portuguese began the practice, in Arguin in the l440s, of the carimbo, the branding of a slave with a hot iron, leaving a mark in red on the shoulder, the breast, or the upper arm, so that it was evident that he or she was the prop erty of the king of Portugal, or some other master, and that a proper duty had been paid† (Thomas par. 1). Based on this quote, branding on a person’s skinShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesretrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesretrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright

Bullying Is A Serious Issue - 852 Words

Of the many issues we face in society, I strongly believe there is a serious issue that is commonly overlooked. This issue happens to be bullying. Many people would be led to believe that bullying is something that only takes place in schools, commonly among younger children. Contrary to what many may think, this is extremely inaccurate. Bullying takes place before our eyes each and every day. Bullying can take place at school, work, and online. This issue is something that should be addressed by everyone and should be avoided at all costs. What is bullying? Bullying is defined as â€Å"repeated acts of aggression by individuals who have more power than their victims.† Bullying can be done in many ways, including verbally, physically, socially, or emotionally. Bullying can be dangerous for many reasons, but I think the biggest reason is the fact that it can go unnoticed with ease. Bullying is not easy to notice with the blind eye, especially when those who are being victimized are most likely not comfortable with finding help. Many people who are victims of bullying are hesitant to find help immediately. They could be intimidated, afraid, or fearful of being humiliated. A victim of bullying may not even realize they are being bullied. This can go both ways as well. The person bullying the victim may not realize they are bullying someone. Bullying can be a problem in many places. One of the most common places where bullying takes place is in schools. Although it is most commonShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Common And Serious Issue1218 Words   |  5 Pages What is teachers’ role in the school? Bullying is a common and serious issue in many schools these days and bullying is not only the United States’ but also in other countries’ problem. Basically, bullying prevents students from feeling safe in schools and also it prevents developing positive self-concepts. The longer bullying goes on, the more the students are affected. In handling bullying problems, teacher’s role is the most important to prevent bulling because teachers can directly interactRead MoreBullying And Bullies Are Serious Issues982 Words   |  4 PagesBoth bullying and bullies are serious issues, when it comes to middle school and high school. Both bullying and bullies, often harm peoples : self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, feelings and attitudes. Most of the victims like me, have gone through a whole lot of drama, and trauma. They are just trying to get out of the bullying situations that occur, and end up leaving really bad memories and experiences. The victims, meanwhile, ar e trying to stay strong through it all, and stand up for themselvesRead MoreThe Internet and Cyberbullying Essay576 Words   |  3 PagesCyber Bullying Nowadays, the Internet is regarded as the most widely used source of social media and the fastest way to exchange knowledge and information all over the world, playing a vital role in everyone’s daily life. The internet has countless functions, useful for everyday work and entertainment, but it is being abused by people nowadays. One of the ways it is being abused is by cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is when people use the internet to make fun of others, belittle them, andRead MoreThe Effect Of Teen Bullying Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Teen Bullying Bullying is defined as a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what they want. Teenage bullying is a serious problem in school and it is not always physical. There are several types of bullying including physical, verbal ,emotional, covert and cyberbullying. Physical bullying can include fighting, hitting, kicking, etc. while emotional bullying can include gossiping or leaving someone else out on purpose(Bullying Info and FactsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Bullying That Teens And Kids Face811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Bullying that Teens and Kids Face Getting kidnapped, having problems with drugs, being bullied, and teen pregnancy are just a few of the many dangers that teens and kids face every day. One of the biggest concerns today is bullying. Bullying can happen anywhere and is a problem that affects millions of kids and teens each year. Bullying is defined as an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeatedRead MoreCyberbullying Is Becoming More Of A Problem Than Traditional Bullying998 Words   |  4 Pagesis becoming more of a problem than traditional bullying, more kids are getting social media and bullying others each and every day. This type of bullying continues to grow with the amount of technology that is coming out into the world. Cyberbullying does not get taken as serious as traditional bullying. It is becoming a huge problem in this day in age and needs more attention than it is getting. Social media is a huge factor for this type of bullying to take place. Nobody takes it seriously becauseRead MoreResearch Paper-Bullying1614 Words   |  7 PagesBullying â€Å"Words will never hurt me† used to be just an expression, but now bullying has gotten so bad that words really do hurt, this is known as â€Å"bullicide†. Many children, teens, and even some adults are victims of physical, verbal, or cyber bullying. Bullying affects victims negatively and can sometimes lead to suicide. Children, parents, and teachers need to work to prevent and end bullying. Bullying is a serious issue that has numerous causes and effects that can sometimes be life changingRead MoreBullying At The Nursing Profession845 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying in the Nursing Profession Carli Jessop Flathead Valley Community College Bullying is a term that many associate with children and while this has been recognized as a serious issue in schools across the country, such conduct unfortunately does not stop there. It has been said that nurses eat their young and while this may sound particularly extreme, bullying as well as lateral and vertical violence in the nursing profession has been an ongoing and increasingly prevalent issueRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe familiar conviction of bullying. Bullying has been entrenched in American society as a relevant issue for quite some time. The word â€Å"bully† derives back from as far as the 1530’s. In 1838, the novel, Oliver Twist, exhibited the first use of bullying within literary work. Years later, in 1862, the first account of bullying was reported. Over one hundred years following this, the first proposition of an anti-bullying law was constructed. As time has persisted, the issue has began to proliterate,R ead MoreBullying Is The Third Leading Death Cause For Young People1256 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Bullying is defined as a physical or mental victimization of a person by another person or group. Bullying is a major problem among teens in the United States today. During the 2007 -2008 school year over thirty-two percent of the nation’s students had reported a case of being harassed or abused by a fellow peer. Bullying causes a rapid declination is the victim s mental health. They suffer drastic, and dangerous behavior changes, mental issues that are similar to these could result

Competency Mapping free essay sample

Dr. R. Mohan Kumar*** This article portrays the importance of competency based human resource Management where it identifies preferred human skills and displays outstanding performance from the average. Management exhibits a sound level of understanding of competency to adequately perform tasks, practically and effectively within quality standards. This article details the competencies where the generic knowledge, motive, strength and skill of a person are linked to superior performance on the job. The article displays the importance of establishing clear high standards and proper analysis of factual data against the set standards. Competency Mapping has emerged as a major concern for the organization in the recent times and has attracted the attention of the top management. If Competency Mapping is done, then the organization can identify its area of thrust and take necessary actions for future implementation of the activities. Zensar Technologies which has a successful competency based HR system, points out that competency mapping helps identify the success criteria and the performance excellence required for individuals to be successful in their roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Competency Mapping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is significant that nearly all their HR interventions are linked to competency, Competency refers to the desired level of attitude, knowledge and skills required to do a job in the best possible manner. Competence refers to the actual level of attitude, knowledge and skills possessed by the employee holding a particular job position. In any organization, one of the major concern areas for the Human Resource Department is to determine the competencies of the processes and to evaluate the strength level of the person working on it.HR professionals are entrusted with the responsibility in selection of training and development, administration, deployment support, performance appraisal and performance diagnostics of the employees. Competency mapping is a process of identifying and defining the key competencies of an individual for a particular position in an organisation and then using it for job-evaluation, recruitment, training and development, performance management, succession planning, measurement against well accepted standards.Competency mapping is done to determine the critical activities of the mandatory processes of the organization Now let us spark our attraction on the application side of competency mapping. Methodology of Competency Mapping The most successful method is to employ research methodology using Behavioral Event Interview (BEI) techniques to selectively sample the target population. Following the collection of the behavioral data, it should be sorted, categorized and leveled carefully to create models that are concise and comprehensive, simple and sophisticated.Using Behavioural Interview methods the organisation creates a model that reflects its own strategy, its own market, its own c ustomers, and the competencies that bring success in that specific context which includes national culture too. As once the model is complete, it can be used more effectively by transferring these skills to selection interviewing, development assessments, and so on which ultimately benefits the organization to a great extent. Developing and utilizing competency models has been equated with running a profitable and successful organization through strategic management of the professional talent within the organization. Recruitment and Selection Competency mapping plays a significant role in recruiting and retaining people as it gives more accurate analysis of the job requirements, the candidates capability, Diversity of the applicant, accuracy of applicant’s expectations, Self-insight knowledge, skills, and abilities. HR seeks to place the right employees at the right time and at the lowest possible cost, thereby providing means for the organization to pursue its competitive strategy and fulfill its mission.Recruitment encompasses both the attraction and the selection of the most qualified personnel where a sufficient number of qualified applicants are attracted to and ultimately accept the positions in an efficient manner. Competency mapping in Internal Recruitment which seeks applicants for positions from among the ranks of those currently employed gives better assessment of candidates, reduces training time, motivates employees and reduces economic parameters. Also it plays a vital role i n External recruitment where it increases diversity, facilitates growth and solves novel problem.Thus Competency assessment facilitates much more extensive knowledge of the candidates which ultimately helps to make more valid decisions. Training and Development Human competence is the most important element which leads to the success of any business. Training is an attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it which involves learning experience and a planned organizational activity in response to identified needs. Competency in Training and development includes three segments namely, assessment, development followed by evaluation.Training needs assessment is a systematic determination of training needs which ultimately derives objectives for the training program. It comprises of organizational analysis, Job analysis and person analysis. An organizational analysis answers where the training emphasis need to be placed and what factors may affect training. A job analysis tries to answer the questions of what need to be taught in the training and how the trainee can perform the task satisfactorily. A person analysis attempts to answer the question of who needs training in the firm and the specific type of training required. Once the competencies are determined, proper training is provided to the individuals to work more efficiently on the processes. Training practices includes entry level technical training, quality process training, personal effectiveness and managerial programs which helps employees to expertise in their profession. Training acts as a building block for the development of factors like confidence, ability, integrity and competence that paves the way. Well organized training schedules and modules helps to increase the quality of workplace by improving its knowledge, ttitude and performance that eventually leads to the triumph of the organization. Competency based training and Development allows trainees to share each other’s experiences and insight, stimulates employees’ interest and activates employees’ skills. Competency mapping in training and Development bridges the gap between what is required of a person to perform his/her work and what she/he is skilled and gives consensus to reward system of organization. Rewards and Recognition The criteria for reward system focus mainly on quality performance, innovation, effort or attendance. Workers who work hard and produce more quality results would receive greater rewards than workers who contribute less. Competency related reward and recognition system is a method of rewarding and recognizing people to the level of competence, they demonstrate in carrying out their roles. Financial rewards provide a tangible form of recognition and therefore serve as indirect motivators, provide financial recognition to employees for their achievement in the shape of attaining or exceeding their performance targets or reaching the level of competence skill.

Melanie Klein Essay Example

Melanie Klein Essay Melanie Klein (30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children and was particularly interested in the early psychological development that which had a significant impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis and is still used in present day therapeutic techniques. Klein was the first to use psychoanalysis on young children. She was unique by working with children using toys. Klein is named as one of the co-founders of Object Relations Theory. Anna Freud was researching ORT during the same time as Klein. Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients; Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. After observing troubled children play with toys such as dolls, animals, plasticine, pencil and paper, Klein attempted to interpret the specific meaning of play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played the child’s phantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth ORT is a theory of relationships between people, such as the mother and her child. A basic belief is that we are driven to form relationships with others and that failure to form successful early relationships leads to later problems. It is also concerned with the relation between the subject and their internalized objects, as well as with external objects. Thus we have a relationship with the internal mother as well as an external one. We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Example: As the child feeds, it feels gratified and satiated when the breast produces sufficient milk, in which case it is loved and cherished. When the child is prematurely withdrawn or the breast does not provide sufficient food, the child is frustrated and the breast is hated and the recipient of hostile thoughts. The mother thus receives love or destructive attack depending on this. The baby experiences extremes of feeling. When he is angry, it is total anger and rejects and thrusts away the mother. When he is happy, he loves and adores her. He projects his bad feeling and associates her with it. In Klein’s concept, phantasy originates from within and imagines what is without, it offers an unconscious commentary on instinctual life and links feelings to objects and creates a new combination: the world of imagination. For Klein, unconscious phantasies underlie not only dreams but all thought and activity, both creative and destructive, including the expression of internal object relations. They modify external events, investing them with significance. While Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients, Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. After observing troubled children play with toys such as dolls, animals, pencil and paper, Klein attempted to interpret the specific meaning of play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played the child’s phantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth. PHANTASIES: -satisfy instincts by converting them into ideas and images. Hunger leads to a phantasy of an object that can satisfy it. come from instincts that border physical and psychical activities and are thus experienced both physically and mentally. For example a child who sucks its thumb is enacting the phantasy of feeding. Satisfying experiences are re-enacted internally through phantasies. -enables the ego to perform its most basic function of establishing object relations. A worl d of good and bad objects are thus constructed through a process of projection and introjection between the external and internal worlds. Phantasy thus allows us to construct both our own identity and also, through projection, the construction of others. develop in and into play, and Klein used play therapy to learn about the early development of infants as a more effective method than Freuds use of free association. -continue through childhood and into adult life. Phantasies becoming more elaborate and referring to a wider range of objects and situations continue throughout development and accompany all activities; they never stop playing a great part in all mental life (Klein:1997:251) -is a state of mind of an infant child during the early stages of development. stem from genetic needs, drives and instincts. They appear in symbolic form in dreams, play and neuroses. They are constructed from internal and external reality, modified by feelings, and emotions, and then projected into both real and imaginary objects. -are the means by which infants make sense of the external world and hence relate to it through Projection and Introjections. Infantile feelings and phantasies leave, as it were, their imprints on the mind, imprints that do not fade away but get stored up, remain active, and exert a continuous and powerful influence on the emotional and intellectual life of the individual (Klein:1975:290) Depressive Position: After exploring ultra -aggressive phantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young, very ill children, Melanie Klein proposed a model of the human psyche that linked significant fluctuation of state, with whether the postulated Eros or Thanatos instincts were in the fore. She named the state of the psyche, when the sustaining principle of life is in domination, the depressive position. This is considered by many to be her great contribution to psychoanalytic thought. Klein argued that people who never succeed in working through the depressive position in their childhood will, as a result, continue to struggle with this problem in adult life. For example: the cause that a person may maintain suffering from intense guilt feelings over the death of a loved one, may be found in the un-worked- through depressive position. The guilt is there because of a lack of separation between inside and outside and also as a defense mechanism to defend the self against unbearable feelings of intense sadness and sorrow and subsequently the internal object against the unbearable rage of the self, which can destroy the (internal) object forever. Klein saw the depressive position as an important developmental milestone that continues to mature throughout the life span. The splitting and part object relations that characterize the earlier phase are succeeded by the capacity to perceive that the other who frustrates is also the one who gratifies