Summary Of Symbolism In Toni Morrisons Beloved - 882 Words

According to the article, â€Å"Slavery, by the Numbers,† â€Å"The importation of slaves into the United States was banned by Congress [. . .] in 1808, yet by 1860, the nation’s black population had jumped from 400,000 to 4.4 million, of which 3.9 million were slaves,† (Louis Gates Jr. par. 8). The setting in Beloved is Cincinatti, Ohio, in 1873, and ideas of slavery and discrimination are prominent. Toni Morrison uses symbolism, characters’ rationales, and events that mirror history to establish a historical perspective in her novel Beloved. Symbolism is used in Beloved represents historical events. For example, Sethe, one of the main characters in the novel states, â€Å"I got a tree on my back and a haint in my house [. . .] those boys came in there†¦show more content†¦This quote from the novel represents how Sethe’s actions were deeply influenced by the anguish being a slave caused her. Being a slave was so degrading and awful that death seemed like the best way to prevent it from impairing her child. Several events that occur in Beloved mirror situations in history. For example, Sethe states, â€Å"‘My woman? You mean my mother? [. . .] Right on her rib was a circle and a cross burnt right in the skin. She said, ‘This is your ma’am. This,’ [. . . ] ‘I am the only one got this mark now. The rest dead. If something happens to me and you can’t tell me by my face, you can know me by this mark’† (Morrison 60-61). In this quote, Sethe remembers an interaction between her and her mother. Sethe’s mother had been a slave, and she had been branded with hot iron, leaving a circular mark on her rib. According to the article â€Å"The Branding (and Baptism) of Slaves,† the author states, â€Å"The Portuguese began the practice, in Arguin in the l440s, of the carimbo, the branding of a slave with a hot iron, leaving a mark in red on the shoulder, the breast, or the upper arm, so that it was evident that he or she was the prop erty of the king of Portugal, or some other master, and that a proper duty had been paid† (Thomas par. 1). Based on this quote, branding on a person’s skinShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesretrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesretrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright

Bullying Is A Serious Issue - 852 Words

Of the many issues we face in society, I strongly believe there is a serious issue that is commonly overlooked. This issue happens to be bullying. Many people would be led to believe that bullying is something that only takes place in schools, commonly among younger children. Contrary to what many may think, this is extremely inaccurate. Bullying takes place before our eyes each and every day. Bullying can take place at school, work, and online. This issue is something that should be addressed by everyone and should be avoided at all costs. What is bullying? Bullying is defined as â€Å"repeated acts of aggression by individuals who have more power than their victims.† Bullying can be done in many ways, including verbally, physically, socially, or emotionally. Bullying can be dangerous for many reasons, but I think the biggest reason is the fact that it can go unnoticed with ease. Bullying is not easy to notice with the blind eye, especially when those who are being victimized are most likely not comfortable with finding help. Many people who are victims of bullying are hesitant to find help immediately. They could be intimidated, afraid, or fearful of being humiliated. A victim of bullying may not even realize they are being bullied. This can go both ways as well. The person bullying the victim may not realize they are bullying someone. Bullying can be a problem in many places. One of the most common places where bullying takes place is in schools. Although it is most commonShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Common And Serious Issue1218 Words   |  5 Pages What is teachers’ role in the school? Bullying is a common and serious issue in many schools these days and bullying is not only the United States’ but also in other countries’ problem. Basically, bullying prevents students from feeling safe in schools and also it prevents developing positive self-concepts. The longer bullying goes on, the more the students are affected. In handling bullying problems, teacher’s role is the most important to prevent bulling because teachers can directly interactRead MoreBullying And Bullies Are Serious Issues982 Words   |  4 PagesBoth bullying and bullies are serious issues, when it comes to middle school and high school. Both bullying and bullies, often harm peoples : self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, feelings and attitudes. Most of the victims like me, have gone through a whole lot of drama, and trauma. They are just trying to get out of the bullying situations that occur, and end up leaving really bad memories and experiences. The victims, meanwhile, ar e trying to stay strong through it all, and stand up for themselvesRead MoreThe Internet and Cyberbullying Essay576 Words   |  3 PagesCyber Bullying Nowadays, the Internet is regarded as the most widely used source of social media and the fastest way to exchange knowledge and information all over the world, playing a vital role in everyone’s daily life. The internet has countless functions, useful for everyday work and entertainment, but it is being abused by people nowadays. One of the ways it is being abused is by cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is when people use the internet to make fun of others, belittle them, andRead MoreThe Effect Of Teen Bullying Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Teen Bullying Bullying is defined as a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what they want. Teenage bullying is a serious problem in school and it is not always physical. There are several types of bullying including physical, verbal ,emotional, covert and cyberbullying. Physical bullying can include fighting, hitting, kicking, etc. while emotional bullying can include gossiping or leaving someone else out on purpose(Bullying Info and FactsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Bullying That Teens And Kids Face811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Bullying that Teens and Kids Face Getting kidnapped, having problems with drugs, being bullied, and teen pregnancy are just a few of the many dangers that teens and kids face every day. One of the biggest concerns today is bullying. Bullying can happen anywhere and is a problem that affects millions of kids and teens each year. Bullying is defined as an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeatedRead MoreCyberbullying Is Becoming More Of A Problem Than Traditional Bullying998 Words   |  4 Pagesis becoming more of a problem than traditional bullying, more kids are getting social media and bullying others each and every day. This type of bullying continues to grow with the amount of technology that is coming out into the world. Cyberbullying does not get taken as serious as traditional bullying. It is becoming a huge problem in this day in age and needs more attention than it is getting. Social media is a huge factor for this type of bullying to take place. Nobody takes it seriously becauseRead MoreResearch Paper-Bullying1614 Words   |  7 PagesBullying â€Å"Words will never hurt me† used to be just an expression, but now bullying has gotten so bad that words really do hurt, this is known as â€Å"bullicide†. Many children, teens, and even some adults are victims of physical, verbal, or cyber bullying. Bullying affects victims negatively and can sometimes lead to suicide. Children, parents, and teachers need to work to prevent and end bullying. Bullying is a serious issue that has numerous causes and effects that can sometimes be life changingRead MoreBullying At The Nursing Profession845 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying in the Nursing Profession Carli Jessop Flathead Valley Community College Bullying is a term that many associate with children and while this has been recognized as a serious issue in schools across the country, such conduct unfortunately does not stop there. It has been said that nurses eat their young and while this may sound particularly extreme, bullying as well as lateral and vertical violence in the nursing profession has been an ongoing and increasingly prevalent issueRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe familiar conviction of bullying. Bullying has been entrenched in American society as a relevant issue for quite some time. The word â€Å"bully† derives back from as far as the 1530’s. In 1838, the novel, Oliver Twist, exhibited the first use of bullying within literary work. Years later, in 1862, the first account of bullying was reported. Over one hundred years following this, the first proposition of an anti-bullying law was constructed. As time has persisted, the issue has began to proliterate,R ead MoreBullying Is The Third Leading Death Cause For Young People1256 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Bullying is defined as a physical or mental victimization of a person by another person or group. Bullying is a major problem among teens in the United States today. During the 2007 -2008 school year over thirty-two percent of the nation’s students had reported a case of being harassed or abused by a fellow peer. Bullying causes a rapid declination is the victim s mental health. They suffer drastic, and dangerous behavior changes, mental issues that are similar to these could result

Competency Mapping free essay sample

Dr. R. Mohan Kumar*** This article portrays the importance of competency based human resource Management where it identifies preferred human skills and displays outstanding performance from the average. Management exhibits a sound level of understanding of competency to adequately perform tasks, practically and effectively within quality standards. This article details the competencies where the generic knowledge, motive, strength and skill of a person are linked to superior performance on the job. The article displays the importance of establishing clear high standards and proper analysis of factual data against the set standards. Competency Mapping has emerged as a major concern for the organization in the recent times and has attracted the attention of the top management. If Competency Mapping is done, then the organization can identify its area of thrust and take necessary actions for future implementation of the activities. Zensar Technologies which has a successful competency based HR system, points out that competency mapping helps identify the success criteria and the performance excellence required for individuals to be successful in their roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Competency Mapping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is significant that nearly all their HR interventions are linked to competency, Competency refers to the desired level of attitude, knowledge and skills required to do a job in the best possible manner. Competence refers to the actual level of attitude, knowledge and skills possessed by the employee holding a particular job position. In any organization, one of the major concern areas for the Human Resource Department is to determine the competencies of the processes and to evaluate the strength level of the person working on it.HR professionals are entrusted with the responsibility in selection of training and development, administration, deployment support, performance appraisal and performance diagnostics of the employees. Competency mapping is a process of identifying and defining the key competencies of an individual for a particular position in an organisation and then using it for job-evaluation, recruitment, training and development, performance management, succession planning, measurement against well accepted standards.Competency mapping is done to determine the critical activities of the mandatory processes of the organization Now let us spark our attraction on the application side of competency mapping. Methodology of Competency Mapping The most successful method is to employ research methodology using Behavioral Event Interview (BEI) techniques to selectively sample the target population. Following the collection of the behavioral data, it should be sorted, categorized and leveled carefully to create models that are concise and comprehensive, simple and sophisticated.Using Behavioural Interview methods the organisation creates a model that reflects its own strategy, its own market, its own c ustomers, and the competencies that bring success in that specific context which includes national culture too. As once the model is complete, it can be used more effectively by transferring these skills to selection interviewing, development assessments, and so on which ultimately benefits the organization to a great extent. Developing and utilizing competency models has been equated with running a profitable and successful organization through strategic management of the professional talent within the organization. Recruitment and Selection Competency mapping plays a significant role in recruiting and retaining people as it gives more accurate analysis of the job requirements, the candidates capability, Diversity of the applicant, accuracy of applicant’s expectations, Self-insight knowledge, skills, and abilities. HR seeks to place the right employees at the right time and at the lowest possible cost, thereby providing means for the organization to pursue its competitive strategy and fulfill its mission.Recruitment encompasses both the attraction and the selection of the most qualified personnel where a sufficient number of qualified applicants are attracted to and ultimately accept the positions in an efficient manner. Competency mapping in Internal Recruitment which seeks applicants for positions from among the ranks of those currently employed gives better assessment of candidates, reduces training time, motivates employees and reduces economic parameters. Also it plays a vital role i n External recruitment where it increases diversity, facilitates growth and solves novel problem.Thus Competency assessment facilitates much more extensive knowledge of the candidates which ultimately helps to make more valid decisions. Training and Development Human competence is the most important element which leads to the success of any business. Training is an attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it which involves learning experience and a planned organizational activity in response to identified needs. Competency in Training and development includes three segments namely, assessment, development followed by evaluation.Training needs assessment is a systematic determination of training needs which ultimately derives objectives for the training program. It comprises of organizational analysis, Job analysis and person analysis. An organizational analysis answers where the training emphasis need to be placed and what factors may affect training. A job analysis tries to answer the questions of what need to be taught in the training and how the trainee can perform the task satisfactorily. A person analysis attempts to answer the question of who needs training in the firm and the specific type of training required. Once the competencies are determined, proper training is provided to the individuals to work more efficiently on the processes. Training practices includes entry level technical training, quality process training, personal effectiveness and managerial programs which helps employees to expertise in their profession. Training acts as a building block for the development of factors like confidence, ability, integrity and competence that paves the way. Well organized training schedules and modules helps to increase the quality of workplace by improving its knowledge, ttitude and performance that eventually leads to the triumph of the organization. Competency based training and Development allows trainees to share each other’s experiences and insight, stimulates employees’ interest and activates employees’ skills. Competency mapping in training and Development bridges the gap between what is required of a person to perform his/her work and what she/he is skilled and gives consensus to reward system of organization. Rewards and Recognition The criteria for reward system focus mainly on quality performance, innovation, effort or attendance. Workers who work hard and produce more quality results would receive greater rewards than workers who contribute less. Competency related reward and recognition system is a method of rewarding and recognizing people to the level of competence, they demonstrate in carrying out their roles. Financial rewards provide a tangible form of recognition and therefore serve as indirect motivators, provide financial recognition to employees for their achievement in the shape of attaining or exceeding their performance targets or reaching the level of competence skill.

Melanie Klein Essay Example

Melanie Klein Essay Melanie Klein (30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children and was particularly interested in the early psychological development that which had a significant impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis and is still used in present day therapeutic techniques. Klein was the first to use psychoanalysis on young children. She was unique by working with children using toys. Klein is named as one of the co-founders of Object Relations Theory. Anna Freud was researching ORT during the same time as Klein. Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients; Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. After observing troubled children play with toys such as dolls, animals, plasticine, pencil and paper, Klein attempted to interpret the specific meaning of play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played the child’s phantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth ORT is a theory of relationships between people, such as the mother and her child. A basic belief is that we are driven to form relationships with others and that failure to form successful early relationships leads to later problems. It is also concerned with the relation between the subject and their internalized objects, as well as with external objects. Thus we have a relationship with the internal mother as well as an external one. We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Melanie Klein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Example: As the child feeds, it feels gratified and satiated when the breast produces sufficient milk, in which case it is loved and cherished. When the child is prematurely withdrawn or the breast does not provide sufficient food, the child is frustrated and the breast is hated and the recipient of hostile thoughts. The mother thus receives love or destructive attack depending on this. The baby experiences extremes of feeling. When he is angry, it is total anger and rejects and thrusts away the mother. When he is happy, he loves and adores her. He projects his bad feeling and associates her with it. In Klein’s concept, phantasy originates from within and imagines what is without, it offers an unconscious commentary on instinctual life and links feelings to objects and creates a new combination: the world of imagination. For Klein, unconscious phantasies underlie not only dreams but all thought and activity, both creative and destructive, including the expression of internal object relations. They modify external events, investing them with significance. While Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients, Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. After observing troubled children play with toys such as dolls, animals, pencil and paper, Klein attempted to interpret the specific meaning of play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played the child’s phantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth. PHANTASIES: -satisfy instincts by converting them into ideas and images. Hunger leads to a phantasy of an object that can satisfy it. come from instincts that border physical and psychical activities and are thus experienced both physically and mentally. For example a child who sucks its thumb is enacting the phantasy of feeding. Satisfying experiences are re-enacted internally through phantasies. -enables the ego to perform its most basic function of establishing object relations. A worl d of good and bad objects are thus constructed through a process of projection and introjection between the external and internal worlds. Phantasy thus allows us to construct both our own identity and also, through projection, the construction of others. develop in and into play, and Klein used play therapy to learn about the early development of infants as a more effective method than Freuds use of free association. -continue through childhood and into adult life. Phantasies becoming more elaborate and referring to a wider range of objects and situations continue throughout development and accompany all activities; they never stop playing a great part in all mental life (Klein:1997:251) -is a state of mind of an infant child during the early stages of development. stem from genetic needs, drives and instincts. They appear in symbolic form in dreams, play and neuroses. They are constructed from internal and external reality, modified by feelings, and emotions, and then projected into both real and imaginary objects. -are the means by which infants make sense of the external world and hence relate to it through Projection and Introjections. Infantile feelings and phantasies leave, as it were, their imprints on the mind, imprints that do not fade away but get stored up, remain active, and exert a continuous and powerful influence on the emotional and intellectual life of the individual (Klein:1975:290) Depressive Position: After exploring ultra -aggressive phantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young, very ill children, Melanie Klein proposed a model of the human psyche that linked significant fluctuation of state, with whether the postulated Eros or Thanatos instincts were in the fore. She named the state of the psyche, when the sustaining principle of life is in domination, the depressive position. This is considered by many to be her great contribution to psychoanalytic thought. Klein argued that people who never succeed in working through the depressive position in their childhood will, as a result, continue to struggle with this problem in adult life. For example: the cause that a person may maintain suffering from intense guilt feelings over the death of a loved one, may be found in the un-worked- through depressive position. The guilt is there because of a lack of separation between inside and outside and also as a defense mechanism to defend the self against unbearable feelings of intense sadness and sorrow and subsequently the internal object against the unbearable rage of the self, which can destroy the (internal) object forever. Klein saw the depressive position as an important developmental milestone that continues to mature throughout the life span. The splitting and part object relations that characterize the earlier phase are succeeded by the capacity to perceive that the other who frustrates is also the one who gratifies

EthicsSayaka CaryHUMS 102-30BJill Tartaglione16 Oc Essays

EthicsSayaka CaryHUMS 102-30BJill Tartaglione16 Oc Essays EthicsSayaka CaryHUMS 102-30BJill Tartaglione16 October 2016For the first case, the clinician's name is Mykeisha Frazier, LSW. The license number is 33005672A, and the date filed was August 9th, 2016. The clinician neglected her work, and had false documentation of her visiting her patients but did not. She falsified patient records to make it appear she had provided services to them that were not actually provided, and included false information about the patient's medical status, social status, and overall well-being. The clinician abandoned and neglected her elderly hospice patients without making reasonable arrangements for the continuation of services by documentation. This is a big problem for the client and the profession because of her dishonesty, and the client/patients are not getting the care they need. Her dishonesty and false documentation is fraud, and a joke to her profession because she is not taking it seriously. The clinician received five violations. The first ethi cal code 25-1-9-4(a)(3) section 1.15 by knowingly violating a rule regulating the social work profession when she did not ensure her patients continued to receive services when she was not visiting them. The second ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(3) by not ensuring her patients continued to receive services when she was not visiting them. The third ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(3) section 3.04 by knowingly violating a rule regulating the social work profession when she falsified patient records to make it appear she had provided services to them that were not actually provided. The fourth ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(3) section 4.04 when she engaged in fraud, deceit, and dishonesty by documenting visiting patients she did not actually visit and including false information in the patients' medical status. The fifth ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(1)(B) by engaging in fraud or material deception in the course of professional services or activities as evidenced by documenting as having visited elderly hospic e patients when she did not actually see them. In order to remain ethical, advice that I would give the clinician is providing why she could not make it to her client's visits as well as not documenting false information that she was there. She should not falsify patient records either. For the second case, the clinician's name is Jackie A. Mower, L.C.S.W., L.C.A.C. The license number is 34005752A, 87001322A and was filed February 18, 2016. The clinician had a drug test that indicated positive results for amphetamines and benzodiazepines. She was terminated from Good Samaritan for using methamphetamine while at work, endangering the public by impairing her ability to practice safely. This is a severe problem for her client and profession because she is putting herself and her clients in danger by performing under the influence of drugs. She would not be able to exercise reasonable care and diligence due to ability impaired by the drugs. She could even hurt her client, being under th e influence. The clinical received two counts. The first ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(4)(D) in that Respondent has continued to practice although unfit practice due to addiction to, abuse of, or severe dependency upon alcohol or other drugs that endanger the public by impairing her ability to practice safely, reporting to work while under the influence of amphetamines and benzodiazepines. The second ethical code 25-1-9-4(a)(4)(A), as defined by 844 IAC 5-1-1-(15), by engaging in a pattern of conduct which demonstrates inability to exercise reasonable care and diligence as is normally exercised by practitioners. In order to remain ethical, advice I would give the clinician is to get help immediately. Her abuse of drugs can be very damaging to her health, and I would recommend that she goes to a rehabilitation center to seek help, or at least talk to someone. Before further damaging her health, I would highly recommend that she goes to a doctor and/or get some sort of counseling to deal w ith her addiction. For the third case, the clinician's name is Budd D. Teare. The license number is 35001150A, and was filed March 10, 2016. The clinician engaged in a dual relationship with an IWU alumnus, F.C. including inappropriate email communication, while F.C. was his student and continuing after she graduated. He also engaged in a second dual relationship with a student, K.K., blurring the lines of an appropriate supervisor-student relationship. He was removed

Dr. Francis Townsend, Old Age Public Pension Organizer

Dr. Francis Townsend, Old Age Public Pension Organizer Dr. Francis Everitt Townsend, born into a poor farm family, worked as a physician and health provider. During the  Great Depression, when Townsend himself was in retirement age, he became interested in how the federal government could provide old age pensions. His project inspired the 1935 Social Security Act, which he found inadequate. Life and Profession Francis Townsend was born on January 13, 1867, on a farm in Illinois. When he was an adolescent his family moved to Nebraska, where he was educated through two years of high school. In 1887, he left school and moved to California with his brother, hoping to strike it rich in the Los Angeles land boom. Instead, he lost almost everything. Dejected, he returned  to Nebraska and finished high school, then began to farm in Kansas. Later, he started medical school in Omaha, funding his education while working as a salesman. After he graduated, Townsend went to work in South Dakota in the Black Hills region, then part of the frontier. He married a widow, Minnie Brogue, who worked as  a nurse. They had three children and adopted a daughter. In 1917, when World War I began, Townsend enlisted as a medical officer in the army.  He returned to South Dakota after the war, but ill health aggravated by the harsh winter led him to move to southern California. He found himself, in his medical practice, competing with older established physicians and younger modern physicians, and he did not do well financially. The arrival of the Great Depression wiped out his remaining savings. He was able to obtain an appointment as a health officer in Long Beach, where he observed the effects of the Depression, especially on older Americans. When a change in local politics led to the loss of his job, he found himself broke once again. Townsend’s Old Age Revolving Pension Plan The Progressive Era had seen several moves to establish old-age pensions and national health insurance, but with the Depression, many reformers focused on unemployment insurance. In his late 60s, Townsend decided to do something about the financial devastation of the elderly poor. He envisioned a program where the federal government would provide a $200 per month pension to every American over the age of 60, and saw this financed through a 2% tax on all business transactions. The total cost would be greater than $20 billion a year, but he saw the pensions as a solution to the Depression. If the recipients were required to spend their $200 within thirty days, he reasoned, this would significantly stimulate the economy, and create a â€Å"velocity effect,† ending the Depression. The plan was criticized by many economists. Essentially, half the national income would be directed to the eight percent of the population over the age of 60. But it was still a very attractive plan, especially to the older people who would benefit. Townsend began to organize around his Old Age Revolving Pension Plan (Townsend Plan) in September 1933 and had created a movement within months. Local groups organized Townsend Clubs to support the idea, and by January 1934, Townsend said 3,000 groups had begun. He sold pamphlets, badges, and other items, and financed a national weekly mailing. In mid-1935, Townsend said that there were 7,000 clubs with 2.25 million members, most of them older people. A petition drive brought 20 million signatures to Congress. Buoyed by the immense support, Townsend spoke to cheering crowds as he traveled, including to two national conventions organized around the Townsend Plan. In 1935, encouraged by the massive support for the Townsend idea, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal  passed the Social Security Act.  Many in Congress, pressured to support the Townsend Plan, preferred being able to support the Social Security Act, which for the first time provided a safety net for Americans too old to work. Townsend considered this an inadequate substitute and began angrily attacking the Roosevelt administration.  He joined with such populists as the Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith and Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth Society, and with the Rev. Charles Coughlin’s National Union for Social Justice and Union Party. Townsend invested much energy in the Union Party and organizing voters to vote for candidates who supported the Townsend Plan. He estimated that the Union Party would get 9 million votes in 1936, and when the actual votes were less than a million, and Roosevelt was reelected in a landslide, Townsend abandoned party politics. His political activity led to conflict within the ranks of his supporters, including the filing of some lawsuits. In 1937, Townsend was asked to testify before the Senate on allegations of corruption in the Townsend Plan movement. When he refused to answer questions, he was convicted of contempt of Congress.  Roosevelt, despite Townsend’s opposition to the New Deal and Roosevelt, commuted Townsend’s 30-day sentence. Townsend continued to work for his plan, making changes to try to make it less simplistic and more acceptable to economic analysts. His newspaper and national headquarters continued. He met with presidents Truman and Eisenhower. He was still making speeches supporting reform of old age security programs, with audiences mostly of the elderly, shortly before he died on September 1, 1960, in Los Angeles. In later years, during a time of  relative prosperity, the expansion of federal, state, and private pensions took much of the energy out of his movement. Sources Richard L. Neuberger and Kelley Loe, An Army of the Aged. 1936.David H. Bennett. Demagogues in the Depression: American Radicals and the Union Party, 1932-1936. 1969.Abraham Holtzman. The Townsend Movement: A Political Study. 1963.

Financial Management Question 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Management Question 1 - Essay Example Taxes by the federal and state have to be paid as required by the law; therefore the lottery has to name the price as 363 million because that's the amount to be won before taxation. The lottery also brings many benefits to the community and the state as a whole such as funding education and therefore people need not to be negative about the price to be won. If the only option available was the annuity payment then Larry could maximize the value of his winning by acquiring a loan from a bank that will be paid within the time limit, Larry would get money that will enable her to invest and an amount that will be payable at an amount of 4,732,962 dollars per year. The interest rate should be the guiding factor in determining the amount to acquire as loan. Winners select the cash option because they are rational and want to maximize the value of their money today, they will opt to have their cash today than for 26 years due to uncertainties about the future, and they also do not want to pay taxes each year for 26 years because this will just reduce the total amount they receive. The winner will want his pay in cash due to the fact that ... options the annuity and the cash option; in any of the options given the amount does not add up to the same amount and therefore the price should not be termed as 363 million. However the lottery in order to attract more people to participate in the lottery they are justified to name the total amount to be won, they should also disclose all the information about the game to the people. Taxes by the federal and state have to be paid as required by the law; therefore the lottery has to name the price as 363 million because that's the amount to be won before taxation. The lottery also brings many benefits to the community and the state as a whole such as funding education and therefore people need not to be negative about the price to be won. 4. if the only option available was an annuity payment plan, what could Larry do to maximize the value of his winning assuming that the risk free rate of interest is 5% If the only option available was the annuity payment then Larry could maximize the value of his winning by acquiring a loan from a bank that will be paid within the time limit, Larry would get money that will enable her to invest and an amount that will be payable at an amount of 4,732,962 dollars per year. The interest rate should be the guiding factor in determining the amount to acquire as loan. 5. Why do most winners select the cash option plan when given the choice Winners select the cash option because they are rational and want to maximize the value of their money today, they will opt to have their cash today than for 26 years due to uncertainties about the future, and they also do not want to pay taxes each year for 26 years because this will just reduce the total amount they receive. The winner will want his pay in cash due to the fact that they want

Brand Perception and Advertiing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand Perception and Advertiing - Essay Example In ma-market retail talent i generally viewed a a valuable ource of brand building a quality of ervice offered by the retailer add to the pride of the brand. The companie may poition themelve for the ma market by providing outtanding cutomer interaction which may optimize profit and the core value of brand. The following dicuion in the paper analyze the influence of advertiing practice on developing brand peronality and their impact on the buying behavior of conumer. The dicuion in the paper are woven around the iue concerning advertiing a brand driver, brand typology, cognitive relationhip between the conumer behavior, communication and brand perception. The paper alo attempt to ynchronize viable propoition a managerial implication for building the brand peronality conidering the interactive cognitive variable of conumer behavior. The concept of cutomer-baed brand equity may be defined a the differential effect that brand knowledge ha on conumer repone to marketing activity for that brand. A brand i aid to have poitive (or negative) cutomer-baed brand equity when conumer react more (or le) favorably to marketing mix activity for the brand, a compared to when the ame marketing activity i attributed to a hypothetical or unnamed verion of the product or ervice. Conumer repone to marketing activity for competitive brand or an alternatively named verion of the product or ervice can alo be ueful benchmark (i.e. for determining the uniquene of brand aociation and the opportunity cot of brand extenion, repectively). Cutomer-baed brand equity emerge when the conumer i aware of and familiar with the brand and hold ome favorable, trong, and unique brand aociation in memory. Conumer have only one image of a brand, one created by the deployment of the brand aet at your dipoal: name, tradition, packaging, advertiing, promotion poture, pricing, trade acceptance, ale force dicipline, cutomer atifaction, repurchae pattern, etc. Clearly ome brand aet are more important to product marketer than to ervice marketer, and vice vera. ome competitive environment put more of a premium on certain aet a well. Quality and price do not exit a iolated concept in conumer' mind and are interrelated. Reearch ha hown that deep dicount do caue the conumer to believe that omething i wrong. Frequent dicounting erve to lower the value of the brand becaue of an almot ubconciou reaction by the conumer who believe that quality alo ha been lowered (remember hirt with alligator on them) or, in a "value rebound," conumer begin to perceive the everyday price a too high. The brand i then bought only on deal. Thi paper attempt to explore the variou mechanim that help building the brand per onality through marketing communication like advertiing, word of mouth etc. 1.2 Brand equity and cutomer relationhip trong brand equity allow the companie to retain cutomer better, ervice their need more effectively, and increae profit. Brand equity can be increaed by uccefully implementing and managing an ongoing relationhip marketing effort by offering value to the cutomer, and litening to their need. Diregarding the edge that the brand-cutomer relationhip

The stages of the selection process Essay Example for Free

The stages of the selection process Essay Shortlisting: Shortlisting applicants is like a minefield, if the JCC doesnt short list an applicant that feels they should have been, they could take the company to court over discrimination, and this could cost the JCC money. It is the HR department that take out the shortlisting, and the JCC make sure that all of their staff are adequately trained in this process because they dont want to get involved in any discrimination court case. It can be very difficult when shortlisting application forms so the HR staff judge each application form on the applicants own merits, they wont compare two applicants with each other. The applicants are classified into three categories; these categories are DEFINITE, MARGINAL, and UNSUITABLE. The staff decides which category the applicant goes into, the definite pile are people who are definitely going to be interviewed, the marginal are boarder line and if there arent enough people in the definite category a few marginal applicants will get an interview, and the unsuitable applicants just get a letter saying thanks for their time but they have been unsuccessful this time. When the HR department are making the interviews they attach a form on the front of the application form saying why applicants got an interview and why some applicants never got an interview. When making the shortlist the HR apartment must be politically correct in the reason the applicant did or didnt get an interview with the JCC. Those people who were in the marginal and unsuccessful pile will be on file with the JCC for six months so the applicant can query why they didnt get the interview, or in case they want to make a claim against the JCC, so the JCC have proof as to why they didnt get the interview, and they also keep them on file for reference for if someone leaves there job, people in the definite pile get kept on file for twelve months and those who were successful with their application form and got the job get kept on file for life. Application packs: A job description and a person specification are sent out with an application form. The reason these are sent out with the application form is so the applicant has the best chance of getting the job and so they know what qualities they will need to get the job, and on the application form it also says when the deadline is for the job. Information for candidates: They should know the overview of position, overall responsibilities, requirements, responsibilities References: in the recruitment process is requesting for references. Once the applicants have been short-listed the recruiter will contact the nominees and ask them to provide a reference. Some references ask for detail about the applicants skills. Others just ask for more general comments. Interview: The interviews are conducted by the HR staff and on the interview panel they have three or five interviewers depending on how big the position is. Normally the panel consists of the team leader of the department the job is for, the HR manager there is a set very specific process that is followed for each candidate and every applicant has to go through the process so everyone gets a fair chance. All of the people on the panel need to be very aware of who is asking what question, they also need to be aware of the process so they look professional, there will also be a chairperson on the panel for the interview who keeps control of everything, he makes sure everyone is prepared and dressed properly, the chairperson will have devised a timetable and every one will have the same amount of time in the interview. The chairperson also makes sure that everyone on the panel has a copy of the job description, the person specification and each applicants application form. The interview panel prepare by reading through each applicants application form just before they review it. The chairperson introduces each applicant to the panel and explains what is going to happen during an interview and explains that the applicant can ask questions at the end. The JCC are very aware that applicants perform best in interviews when they are relaxed, and comfortable in the environment that they are in so the JCC try to put all of their applicants under ease rather than under pressure. The JCC aim to do this by holding the interviews at on of the hotels, they ensure that all the applicants have access to hot and cold drinks and they are put in a comfortable and relaxed room. They are led into the interview room and are introduced to the panel, and the panel must ensure that they give verbal and non-verbal encouragement by smiling, shaking peoples hands and by having eye contact, these techniques should make the applicant feel at ease or relaxed. The chairperson will also explain that the panel will be taking notes throughout the interview. During the interview the applicant will be asked a range of questions that will have been selected before the interview was held. The first type of question is an open ended question, the JCC use open ended questions as a means of gaining the most information about the candidate as possible, these types of questions encourage the candidate to talk about themselves, describe events, express opinions, and provide facts, can you give me an example of a time when you have dealt with a difficult customer? , and can you give me an example of a time when you have lead a team? Are two examples of these types of questions. The next type of question are probing questions, these are used to provide a more clear focus on questions that are too short, an example of a probing question is how did you handle that? a probing question allows the interviewer to get more information and they can also be used when the applicant goes off point to bring the applicant back to the point. The JCC interview panel try to avoid asking closed questions which have one word answers, they dont like to ask these questions because they dont get much information form these questions, they also try to avoid leading questions; they want the candidate to offer information freely. They also try to avoid multiple headed questions, they try too avoid these because they can confuse the applicant and can raise stress levels when they are trying to keep the applicant calm and at ease. Although the hotel would be very interested in the answers of this question they will probably ask it as three separate questions, were another business might ask them together. An example of a multiple headed question is what is it that interests you about this position, why o you want to leave your current position, and what are you future career expectations? the JCC also refer back to the applicants application form for one of the questions. If a candidate doesnt give a very good answer the interviewer cant let that show in their facial expressions. It is vital that the JCC has a timetable to ensure that the interview is fair on every applicant, so every applicant has the same amount of time in the interview. Interview: In an interview assessment form the areas for evaluation are usually 1. Physical appearance and deportment Does the candidate have the right image suited to the advertised post? 2. Attainments What experience and qualifications that they have meet the needs of the post. 3. General Intelligence 4. Special Aptitudes What skills does the candidate have which relates to the job for example foreign languages or knowledge in the latest software package. 5. Personality/disposition Questions: If I was a human resource manager and was holding an interview for a job six questions that I would likely ask the applicant would be: 1) Tell me about yourself 2) Why do you want this job? 3) What are your long-term aims? 4) What are your strengths/weaknesses? 5) What do you think you can bring to this job/company? 6) Why should we give you this job? Interview checklist: This is a document which shows the documents and things to be done in the recruitment process which allows the recruiter not to forget or miss anything. Decision documentation: This is the document which allows to make decision in the recruitment process. The whole reason that they go though the recruitment procedure is to ensure that they select the best candidate for the job the recruitment process is very expensive for the JCC and they dont want to do it over and over for the same job. Once the interview panel have interviewed everyone and assessed everyone at the assessment centre they than come together and have a meeting and discuss the benefits and downfalls of hiring each candidate and they analyse each candidate. Instead of having lots of notes they have an interview report form each on each candidate. They will mark each candidate and will put them in order of say 1 15. If certain people have different candidates at number one the panel have a debate to try to find a solution on who should get the position, they need to come up with a unanimous decision on who is best for the job. If this process is going to be worthwhile for the JCC it has got to be valid, free from interviewer bias and prejudice, and the interviewers need to be open and listen to other interviewers take on candidates and look at the candidate from a different point of view. All of the interviewers need to be satisfied with the overall decision. When the JCC interview panel have decided who is the best for the job they then select who is the second choice and who is the third choice for the job. The reason the JCC has three choices for the job is because if the candidate who gets the job has applied for a job somewhere else at another hotel and decides to take that job because they feel it has better pay or prospects for their future career such as more chance of getting a promotion, and they decide to turn down the JCCs offer of a job, then the job will be offered to the candidate who is their second choice, and if they turn it down it gets offered to the third choice candidate. If the JCC didnt have a successful assessment centre it could cause them a lot of problems because they could hire the wrong employee and this would waste their valuable time trying to find the right employee, so the good thing about having an assessment centre is they can watch each candidate in action and make sure that they hire the right employee saving them a lot of time. It is important that the JCC have a second choice and third choice for the job because once again it saves them a lot of time and money, because they dont have to go through the whole process of the assessment centre again because they have the two choices who have already been assessed Informing candidates of decisions: This is the sending of the letters to notify the candidates weather they are successful or unsuccessful.

Emphysema :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emphysema is one of several diseases usually labeled collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It’s the most common cause of death from respiratory disease in the United States; approximately 2 million Americans are afflicted with the disease. Emphysema(COPD) appears to be more prevalent in men than women. Postmortem findings reveal few adult lungs without some degree of emphysema. Causes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emphysema(COPD) may be caused by a genetic deficiency of alpha 1 -antitrypsin (AAN) and by cigarette smoking. Genetically, one in 3,000 newborns are found with the disease, and 1% to 3% of all cases of emphysema are due to AAT deficiency. Cigarette smoking is thought to cause 20% of the cases. Other causative factors are unknown. Complications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In emphysema(COPD), complications may include recurrent respiratory tract infections, cor pulmonale, and respiratory failure. Peptic ulcer disease strikes 20% to 25% of patients with COPD. Additionally, alveolar blebs and bullae may rupture, leading to spontaneous pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Assessment findings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The patient history may reveal that the patient is a long-time smoker. The patient may report shortness of breath and a chronic cough. The history may also reveal anorexia with resultant weight loss and a general feeling of malaise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inspection may show a barrel-chested patient who breathes through pursed lips and also uses accessory muscles. You may notice peripheral cyanosis, clubbed fingers and toes, and tachypnea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Palpation may reveal decreased tactile fremitus and decreased chest expansion. Percussion may detect hyper resonance. On auscultation, you may hear decreased breath sounds, crackles and wheezing during inspiration, a prolonged expiratory phase with grunting respirations, and distant heart sounds. Diagnostic tests   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chest X-rays in advanced disease may show a flattened diaphragm, reduced vascular markings at the lung periphery, over aeration of the lungs, a vertical heart, enlarged anteroposterior chest diameter, and large retrosternal air space.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pulmonary function tests typically indicate increased residual volume and total lung capacity, reduced diffusing capacity, and increased inspiratory flow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electrocardiography may reveal tall, eymmetrical P waves in leads II, III and aVf; vertical QRS axis; and signs of right ventricular hypertrophy late in the disease. Red blood cell count usually demonstrates an increased hemoglobin level late in the disease when the patient has persistent severe hypoxia.

Barristers and Solicitors

Explain the selection and appointment process of solicitors and barristers (14) Solicitors are ‘front line’ lawyers who have direct access to clients, providing a wide range of legal services. They are regarded as more accessible to the public than barristers. The number of solicitors has increased by 50% in the last 10 years. There are several stages in which a solicitor has to work through before qualifying. The first stage is the Academic stage. 55% of solicitors have a law degree. Those who have a degree in another subject can take a 1 year conversion course.Some solicitors qualify through the ILEX (Institute of Legal Executives) Once they have completed the academic stage, they must complete a professional course known as the LPC (Legal Practice Course). Here, students are taught general legal skills such as legal ethics, solicitor’s accounts, professional conduct and subject specialisms such as conveyancing, business law, family law and legal aid. Finally, a ll students, except ILEX students who have worked for a solicitors firm for at least 5 years, must complete a training contract.This is normally two years where the student is attached to a practicing solicitor, like an apprenticeship. However there is fierce competition for training contracts. Once completed, they are a qualified solicitor. Barristers are specialist legal advisors and court room advocates. They are independent and trained to advise clients on the strengths and weaknesses of their case. There are more stages to the training of a barrister to that of a solicitor. The first stage is also the Academic stage.Most barristers have a law degree, although they can also do a one year conversion course. It is necessary to belong to one of the Inns of Court in order to become a barrister. These are the Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln’s Inn and Gray’s Inn. When a trainee barrister joins one of the Inn’s they can be called ‘to the bar’ whic h is part of the procedure by which students become qualified barristers. The choice of Inns is personal and depends on which area of law you wish to specialise in.On completing the Academic stage, the students then progress onto the professional course for barristers called the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC). Students study general skills as well as subjects such as civil litigation and remedies, criminal litigation and remedies etc. Next, the student is ‘called to the bar’ and undertakes the next stage of training called pupillage, which is the practical part in which the student must find an experienced barrister who they can shadow. Finally, the Barrister must then look for a tenancy, otherwise known as a ‘seat’ in Chambers from which he/she can work.To conclude, the selection and appointment process for solicitors and barristers are quite different although they both play an important role in the Criminal Justice System. Outline the difference s in the work the solicitors and barristers do Although both working within the Criminal Justice System, Solicitors and Barristers work very differently to each other. A solicitor is essentially a legal advisor who gives advice on common legal issues. There are currently over 60,000 licensed solicitors in the UK and they work closely with clients.Solicitors are responsible for drafting letters and researching minor cases. Solicitors work much more closely with clients and they are often expected to handle the smaller, less interesting cases. While most solicitors have a specialty, such as family or commercial law, it is not essential. A solicitor is rarely expected to appear in court, unless it is a relatively minor civil issue. They are mandatorily employed by law practice firms. The other type of lawyer in the UK is a barrister. Barristers are trial lawyers. They spend most of their time either in court or researching the law.There are far fewer barristers in the UK than there are solicitors. The position not only requires additional training, but also a talent for public speaking and presentation. Unlike solicitors, barristers do not work for a firm. Instead, they are self-employed, but they must give a portion of their pay for the use of chambers or offices that are provided by the court. To conclude, Solicitors and Barristers both work differently within the English Legal System, but it are important that they work together. For example, Solicitors must brief the Barristers on the facts so that the Barrister can prepare a case.

Science Lab Report

Science Lab Report INTRODUCTION |NAME: LORRAINE |LAB PARTNER: KAREN HO | |LAB EXPERIMENT: TESTING OSMOSIS WITH A POTATO |LAB DATE: NOV. 23rd / 2012 | |CLASS: Y-11-C |PERIOD:C | OBJECTIVE The weight of the potato slices will increase, decrease, or remain the same? HYPOTHESIS There will be no net movement of water molecules into or out of the potato. MATERIALS LIST Large potato | |Cutters (in the shape of a fish) | |3 small beakers or clear dishes | |3 glass covers | |Sucrose solution | |Salt | |Distilled water | |Paper towel | pic] PROCEDURE 1. Add 200ml of distilled water, 40ml sucrose solution and 5g salt into three beakers respectively. Record the solutions concentrations, volumes, and weights. ?Use a cutter to cut the potato to the similar size. Record the weight of pieces potato. ?Put the three potatoes slice into each beaker. Cover the beakers with glass covers and leave them for 48 hours. ?Carefully remove the potato slices from the distilled water solution & pat it dry on a paper towel. Weight the potato slices immediately.Record the final weight of the pieces. ?Clean up the equipment & area and return materials to their proper place. DATA AND/OR OBSERVATIONS |Potato slices weight (Before)|Material | Distilled water |Potato slices weight (After) | | | |(Quantitative) | | |? 21g |Sucrose solution 40ml |200ml |21. 5g | |? 2g |X |200ml |23g | |? 21g |Salt 5g |200ml |20g | USE TIME: 48 hours RESULTS We can Observe that the slice placed in salt is very flexible, while the slice placed in sucrose solution is flexible, but less so. Since potatoes already have sugar, less water will diffuse out of the potato placed in sucrose solution water.The slice placed in water will be rigid, since it will absorb water. ANALYSIS ERROR ? The glass can not cover the beakers well, so the data value that we got was too close. ?We used a big size of cylinder (500ml) to measure the sucrose solution and distilled water. |150ml water ; potato weight (before/after) 20g /24g | | 150ml water ; potato weight (before/after) 20g/13. 5g | |(^ with 15g salt) |I compared with Evan’s group, our results roughly the same. CONCLUSION The water molecules move towards higher concentrations of the solution. That means that if the water outside the cell is saltier than the water inside, water will move from the inside of the cell to the outside. As the water left the cell it was much like letting the air out of a balloon. As more and more of the cells lost water, the slice of potato became soft and flexible. (the potato in water with sucrose solution just on the contrary. )

Machines essays

Machines essays Subject: English Commonwealth Essay Machinery has always been an indispensable part of our lives. Originating as simple machines such as pulleys and levers, machines first came into existence thousands of years ago. These simple machines were to enable the application of force more efficiently. Over the centuries, man combined simple machines to come up with complex ones. Ever since the Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 17th century, more efficient and complicated machines have surfaced, the sewing machine, typewriter and telephone, just to name a few. At the turn of the last century, technology has advanced at such a rapid pace that our lives literally revolve around and depend most heavily on machines. We have rice cookers and microwave ovens to cook our food. We have dishwashers to wash our dishes. Also, almost all of our work is done on computers. Everyday when we commute from one place to another, we almost always depend virtually on vehicles. Indeed, machinery has brought a lot of convenience to our lives. We have vending machines to provide us packaged food twenty-four hours a day. Not only do we have telephones to communicate, we even have mobile phones. Besides personal computers, we have laptops and palmtops which can fit easily into a briefcase or a pocket. Just recently, the invention of robots has emerged. There is even talk that robotic devices could become a member of the household, alongside the washing machine and the vacuum cleaner! The invention of automobiles has led to an even bigger invention aeroplanes. Aeroplanes, ranging from private planes to jumbo jets, can transport up to hundreds of passengers from one continent to another within hours. This not only brings the world closer, but also connects one to the most inaccessible and remotest places on earth. The revolution of the amazing computer has paved the way for the Internet. The Internet enables us to send electronic mails,...

Free sample - Discussion Board 2 Homosexuality. translation missing

Discussion Board 2 Homosexuality. Discussion Board 2 HomosexualityIntroduction Homosexuality has become a very controversial issue in the past few months. Homosexuality has been defined as sexual behavior, attraction and intimacy among people of the same sex more so people of the male gender. It has to do with experience on sexual, romantic and affection attraction. The society has two views on homosexuality. There are people who look at homosexuality as aberration. That it is a disorder which is a pathological behavior. There is another opposing group of people that see homosexuality as a normal deviation in the human condition.   They say that it is determined before birth and that it is natural and normal for those that are thus oriented. This two opposing sides has had a major fight as to whether the condition should be allowed by the society or not. This paper explains why it should not be encouraged in the society. Discussion The question then is: How is homosexual harmful to the society and to individuals? Is homosexual beneficial to the society in any way? Homosexuality has had both advantages and disadvantages. However the advantages are only for those practicing it whiles the disadvantages have impacted both those who practice it and the rest of the people in the society. Most negative effects of homosexuality has been blamed on the society`s unwillingness to support gay relationships. However even if the society had agreed to support them the negative effects would have been worse because many would commit themselves openly to homosexuality aggravating the situation (Clinard and Meier, 2007). Statistics from a research carried out by Kinsey study indicated that homosexual men are likely to commit suicide six times more than heterosexual men. The rate of promiscuity displayed by heterosexual men are very high for instance 75 percent of the respondents admitted that half of those they had sex with were complete strangers. This exposes them to sexually transmitted diseases. Anal sex is a common practice among the gay people. This causes serious physical injuries because it destroys internal tissues and weakens the anal sphincter resulting to serious medical issues. People in homosexual relationships cannot have children except only if they look for partners who are not of their sex. Thus these relationships do not contribute in any way in providing for the society`s next generations and more so they are short lived. They do not have a complementary aspect that is healthy for individuals, children and the society at large. These individuals put the society at pains treating the illnesses they get especially their family members. Heir family members are disturbed both psychologically and financially. Most people in the society who argue for homosexuality and participate in it are positive about it more on the sexual attachment and satisfaction that they obtain from it. They actually know that the practice cannot bear them children nor fulfill their emotional need. In fact this is why those who practice homosexuality do not have long term relationships. This is because they move from one relationship to another because they are interested in the physical gain and satisfaction they get from it as opposed to emotional satisfaction. They know that the practice is more likely to get them infected with sexually transmitted diseases (Stewart, 2003). The question most homosexuals want addressed is why the society will not accept them the same way it accepts the heterosexual people. The question the heterosexual group asks is why the gays cannot stop that practice yet it is harmful not only for them but for the entire society and how homosexuality can be an in born condition yet it was unheard of in the early years. Conclusion These questions can be addressed by consulting the medical and psychological practitioners. It will be important if people understand that the negative aspects of homosexuality outweigh the positive aspects and that the male and female genders are in this world to complement each other. Therefore people should avoid homosexuality as much as possible and embrace heterosexuality which is advantageous. References Stewart, C. (2003). Gay and Lesbian Issues .Oxford: ABC-CLIO. Clinard, B.M. Meier, F.R. (2007). Sociology of Deviant Behavior. 13th ed. London: Cengage Learning.

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Discussion Question - Assignment Example public health is the prevention, cure, and control of infectious diseases, improved sanitation, and reduced incidences of cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (Novick, Morrow, & Mays, 2008). All these public health components are accounted for by the fifth great public health achievement in the textbook. This achievement has gone a long way in transforming the face of the contemporary society. Preventative and curative measures are in place to manage, control, and oversee public health development. On the same note, improved sanitation translates to a better quality of life. When the society leads a healthy life, there is less likelihood of public health crisis. This achievement, therefore, averts public health crisis by empowering the society to take control of its welfare. In conclusion, the above achievement is great because it accounts for the most basic components of a healthy society. Food, water, and shelter are influential as far as public health is concerned. With improved sanitation and reduced disease incidences in the society, people’s overall lifestyles exhibit high quality practices. This is undoubtedly a great achievement in the public health

Career Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Managment - Assignment Example The starting salary for this position is  £16,000 per year. As the individual gains experience and skill, they can earn over  £100,000 per year. This position is similar to compliance in that the individual can do consultancy, they can also do a variety of other jobs. In this capacity, they use a wider array of business skills than the Compliance Analyst. This job is for people who like variety because they can do â€Å"business advisory, taxation, audit and assurance, corporate recovery and insolvency, corporate finance, forensic accounting and compliance†. The Investment Manager focuses on providing investment information to their clients. These investments could be anything from â€Å"equities, bonds, property, and cash†. The clients for this position well are large corporations with a lot of money to invest or individuals. Investment manager works closely with investment analysis that analyses the investments on a regular basis. The best way to talk about similarities and differences is through an understanding of their skills and experience that is needed. All three positions require people skills. The Management Consultancy and Investment Analysis also state that the candidate must be strong in numerical skills and numerical reasoning. The compliance position needs excellent report writing skills but the other two do not list this as necessary. All three positions require the ability to work with teams. The Management Consultancy and Investment Analyst also require a background in business. The entry-level qualifications are very similar. It is suggested that a graduate programme is necessary.

Explanation of Security Breach and Request for Formal Apology Essay

Explanation of Security Breach and Request for Formal Apology - Essay Example A month ago, the lock manufacturer sent me an email to warn me of the possibility that the lock could malfunction and to schedule for a technician to come and fix the lock’s firmware. No further queries were made on this issue following the current measures on cost-cutting, and the fact that the Head of Security was dismissed six weeks ago. I apologize for not informing you of the problem with the system on time. I am heavily involved in planning for the launch of the Bionic Leg event, a project that is critical to the company’s ongoing success, and that is why I have not had time to resolve the issue. Linda is an important employee to our company because she is the most knowledgeable person in Canada in the field of bionics. Bob Loblaw is the only other person in the company who possesses similar expertise. Since they work together, there is a chance that if Linda were to leave then Bob would also leave. This would be a great loss for the company. Without the service o f these two key employees, the Bionics Division would be forced to close. In the last three years, the company has been surviving on the revenues generated from the Bionics Division. Furthermore, we risk losing Linda to our main competitor, Bionic Works Co., which has been trying to poach her from us for quite some time. Her decision to stay is based on her loyalty to my leadership and because she enjoys working with our team. To prevent Linda from leaving the company, we need to compromise company policy and fulfill her terms.

Comparing leadership styles and techniques

Comparing leadership styles and techniques This study will show and conclude whether or not this statement is indeed accurate or just another theoretical belief or ideology amongst between theorist. In this essay we will look at the meaning of both management and leadership, how they differ in concept and in style, and finally conclude whether or not this statement is indeed accurate. What is leadership? Moorhead and Griffin (1998) define leadership as both a process and property. They say, as a process leadership involves the use of non-coercive influence to direct and coordinates the activities of group members to meet a goal, and a property they describe leadership as a set of characteristics attributed to those who those who are perceived to use such influence successfully. According to Moorhead Griffin (1998), Management requires an understanding of human behavior, to help managers better comprehend those at different levels in the organization, those at the same level, those in other organization, and themselves. Management is the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of organizational resources both effectively and efficiently in order to ultimately achieve goals set out by an organization (Moorhead Griffin, 1998; Adair, 2003). Differences between leadership and management: Adair (2003) says, Leadership and management are not the same. In industry and commerce they should go together. In government we often think of political leadership and public service management, but the latter also requires high-quality leadership. Adair (2003) then continues to list the following; Leadership is about giving direction, building teams and inspiring others by example and word. You can be appointed a manager but you are not a leader until your personality and character, your knowledge and your skill in performing the functions of leadership are recognized and accepted by the others involved. This is a very fundamental difference. (Adair, 2003; Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Leadership and change go together. Managing in the form of running an organization is more appropriate where there is not much change going on. When change is endemic, as it often is nowadays, managers must learn how to lead it. Pg 71 Managing entails the proper and efficient use of resources- good administration. Good leaders care about administration, the less good ones dont. Management has the overtone of carrying out objectives laid down by someone else. Moreover, there is nothing in the concept of management which implies inspiration, creating teamwork when it isnt there, or setting an example. When it is the case that inspiration and teamwork exist, you may well have managers who are in effect leaders, especially if they are the source of the inspiration. But it is unfortunately more often the case that management does not ring bells when it comes to people. Other distinctive differences pointed out by (Adair, 2003) include Direction: A leader will find a ways forward. He or she will generate a sense of direction. That may involve identifying new objectives, new products or services and new markets Inspiration: Leadership is linked to inspiration. The words and example of a leader kindle motivation Building teams: A leader tends to think naturally in terms of team. Groups of individuals are transformed into teams. Equally, teams tend to look for leaders rather than bosses. Example: Leadership is example. A leader will have his or her own output or direct contribution to the common task, thereby leading from the front Acceptance: You can be appointed a manager, but you are not really a leader until your appointment is ratified in the hearts and minds of those who work with you. An article by Murray, C. (2010) states and lists the following, the managers job is to plan, organize and coordinate. The leaders job is to inspire and motivate. In his 1989 book On Becoming a Leader, Warren Bennis composed a list of the differences: The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager is a copy; the leader is an original. The manager maintains; the leader develops. The manager focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses on people. The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust. The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective. The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why. The manager has his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leaders eye is on the horizon. The manager imitates; the leader originates. The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it. The manager is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person. The manager does things right; the leader does the right thing. Moorhead Griffin (1998) set out the following table to illustrate the distinction between management and leadership. Activity Management Leadership Creating an agenda Planning and Budgeting. Establishing details steps and timetables for achieving needed results; allocating the resources necessary to make those needed results happen Establishing direction. Developing a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision Developing a human network for achieving the agenda Organizing and staffing. Establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing that structure with individuals, delegating responsibility and authority for carrying out the plan, providing policies and procedures to help guide people, and creating methods or systems to monitor implementation Aligning people. Communicating the direction by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity Executing plans Controlling and problem solving. Monitoring results vs. plan in some detail, identifying deviations, and then planning and organizing to solve these problem Motivating and inspiring. Energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers to change by satisfying very basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs Outcomes Produces a degree of predictability and order and has the potential to consistently produce major results expected by various stakeholders (e.g. .for customers, always being on time; for stockholders, being on budget) Produces change, often to a dramatic degree, and has the potential to produce extremely useful change (e.g. , new products that customers want, new approaches to lobar relations that help make a firm more competitive) Another way of which leadership and management could be distinguished is through different styles, Management has three main categories of styles: autocratic, paternalistic and democratic. Autocratic (or authoritarian) managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. This approach derives from the views of Taylor as to how to motivate workers and relates to McGregors theory X view of workers. This approach has limitations (as highlighted by other motivational theorists such as Mayo and Herzberg) but it can be effective in certain situations. For example. When quick decisions are needed in a company (e.g. in a time of crises), when controlling large numbers of low skilled workers. Paternalistic managers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers. Managers are interested in how happy workers feel and in many ways they act as a father figure (pater means father in Latin). They consult employees over issues and listen to their feedback or opinions. The manager will however make the actual decisions (in the best interests of the workers) as they believe the staffs still need direction and in this way it is still somewhat of an autocratic approach. The style is closely linked with Mayos Human Relation view of motivation and also the social needs of Maslow. Democratic style of management will put trust in employees and encourage them to make decisions. They will delegate to them the authority to do this (empowerment) and listen to their advice. This requires good two-way communication and often involves democratic discussion groups, which can offer useful suggestions and ideas. Managers must be willing to encourage leadership skills in subordinates. The ultimate democratic system occurs when decisions are made based on the majority view of all workers. However, this is not feasible for the majority of decisions taken by a business- indeed one of the criticisms of this style is that it can take longer to reach a decision. This style has close links with Herzbergs motivators and Maslows higher order skills and also applies to McGregors theory Y view of workers. Leadership styles include the following Transformational leadership Is the set of abilities that allow the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute that change effectively. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Charismatic leadership A charismatic leadership style is a type of influence based on the leaders personal charisma. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Conclusion: Despite all these differences one has to take note that in this new economy its nearly impossible to distinguish between the two as they both overlap one another and work hand in hand, in other words they complement each other, as Murray A, (2010) points out that there was a time when the calling of the manager and that of the leader could be separated. A foreman in an industrial-era factory probably didnt have to give much thought to what he was producing or to the people who were producing it. His or her job was to follow orders, organize the work, assign the right people to the necessary tasks, coordinate the results, and ensure the job got done as ordered. The focus was on efficiency. But in the new economy, where value comes increasingly from the knowledge of people, and where workers are no longer undifferentiated cogs in an industrial machine, management and leadership are not easily separated. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but to define for th em a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop talent and inspire results. But if pressed for and answer one would have to agree with the statement as we are facing difficult times with the worldwide recession and collapse of economies (i.e. Greece, Iceland), and where there is great uncertainty amongst workers, you will find that people are looking out for leaders to navigate them through these troubled times, so there on would justifiably concur with the rationale. As (Adair, 2003) states, Although a natural leader instinctively tries to change and improve things, his or her efforts will, not bear much fruit unless external and internal change is effecting the organization- technological, social, economic, political and cultural change. Industry and commerce, and for that matter public services too, must now operate in a climate of almost constant change, stronger international competition and higher uncertainty. All that explains why the concept of leadership has once again come to the fore. Leaders like change; its in their chosen element. Managers, by contrast, have traditionally preferred to run organizations as machines. They are happiest in a stead state environment where nothing is rocking the boat.

Age Discrimination Within The Workplace Essay -- Job Ageism Essays

Age discrimination in employment, also known as job ageism, is a complex issue which impacts on many areas of Government policy and can have many implications for individuals themselves. Age discrimination can occur across the whole spectrum of employment and can affect both younger and older people. It can affect a person’s chances of getting a job, as well as their chances of promotion or development when in work. Age can also be a factor when employers decide who should be selected for termination. Ageism seems to be more common in the workplace than racism or sexism. Although only about 20% Of all complaints filed with the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are for age discrimination, settlements and jury awards are substantially higher in such cases than in those for race, sex or disability discrimination (Age Discrimination, 1999). Older people are accused of lacking energy and flexibility, while young people lack experience. Many people are refused the opportunity to show whether or not they have what it takes because of their age. These people are being robbed of their employment opportunities. Definition of Age Discrimination There can be both direct and indirect forms of age discrimination in employment. The most obvious forms are where people hold strong, stereotypical views about a person’s capabilities to do a job or to be developed because of their age. For instance, an employer could regard all 18 year olds as immature and incapable of managing older staff, even if they have the right qualifications and experience for the job. On the other hand, an employer could consider all those over 50 to be incapable of learning about new technology, because â€Å"that’s something that young... ...tions (5th). Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Petrick, J. A., & Furr, D. S. (1995). Total quality in managing human resources. Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press. Player, A. M. (1992). Federal law of employment discrimination (3rd). St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co. Retrieved April 13, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://gtp.canberra.edu.au Retrieved April 13, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.mscd.edu Weitzman, A. H., & Senior, J. M. (1999). Employment law: Age discrimination.† National Law Journal, 22 (13), B7. Retrieved April 13, 2000 from ProQuest Direct on-line database. Yates, M. (1994). Power on the job: The legal rights of working people. Boston, MA: South End Press. Zemke, R. (1999). Get old - - get out!† Training; Minneapolis, 36 (3), 6-8. Retrieved April 13, 2000 from ProQuest Direct on-line database.

Deception Point Page 94

Crouched beside the powerboat untying the moorings, Corky glanced up just as the machine guns beneath the chopper erupted in a blaze of thunder. Corky lurched as if hit. Wildly, he scrambled over the gunwale and dove into the boat, sprawled himself on the floor for cover. The guns stopped. Tolland could see Corky crawling deeper into the powerboat. The lower part of his right leg was covered with blood. Crouched below the dash, Corky reached up and fumbled across the controls until his fingers found the key. The boat's 250 hp Mercury engine roared to life. An instant later, a red laser beam appeared, emanating from the nose of the hovering chopper, targeting the powerboat with a missile. Tolland reacted on instinct, aiming the only weapon he had. The flare gun in his hand hissed when he pulled the trigger, and a blinding streak tore away on a horizontal trajectory beneath the ship, heading directly toward the chopper. Even so, Tolland sensed he had acted too late. As the streaking flare bore down on the helicopter's windshield, the rocket launcher beneath the chopper emitted its own flash of light. At the same exact instant that the missile launched, the aircraft veered sharply and pulled up out of sight to avoid the incoming flare. â€Å"Look out!† Tolland yelled, yanking Rachel down onto the catwalk. The missile sailed off course, just missing Corky, coming the length of the Goya and slamming into the base of the strut thirty feet beneath Rachel and Tolland. The sound was apocalyptic. Water and flames erupted beneath them. Bits of twisted metal flew in the air and scattered the catwalk beneath them. Metal on metal ground together as the ship shifted, finding a new balance, slightly askew. As the smoke cleared, Tolland could see that one of the Goya's four main struts had been severely damaged. Powerful currents tore past the pontoon, threatening to break it off. The spiral stairway descending to the lower deck looked to be hanging by a thread. â€Å"Come on!† Tolland yelled, urging Rachel toward it. We've got to get down! But they were too late. With a surrendering crack, the stairs peeled away from the damaged strut and crashed into the sea. Over the ship, Delta-One grappled with the controls of the Kiowa helicopter and got it back under control. Momentarily blinded by the incoming flare, he had reflexively pulled up, causing the Hellfire missile to miss its mark. Cursing, he hovered now over the bow of the ship and prepared to drop back down and finish the job. Eliminate all passengers. The controller's demands had been clear. â€Å"Shit! Look!† Delta-Two yelled from the rear seat, pointing out the window. â€Å"Speedboat!† Delta-One spun and saw a bullet-riddled Crestliner speedboat skimming away from the Goya into the darkness. He had a decision to make. 114 Corky's bloody hands gripped the wheel of the Crestliner Phantom 2100 as it pounded out across the sea. He rammed the throttle all the way forward, trying to eke out maximum speed. It was not until this moment that he felt the searing pain. He looked down and saw his right leg spurting blood. He instantly felt dizzy. Propping himself against the wheel, he turned and looked back at the Goya, willing the helicopter to follow him. With Tolland and Rachel trapped up on the catwalk, Corky had not been able to reach them. He'd been forced to make a snap decision. Divide and conquer. Corky knew if he could lure the chopper far enough away from the Goya, maybe Tolland and Rachel could radio for help. Unfortunately, as he looked over his shoulder at the illuminated ship, Corky could see the chopper still hovering there, as if undecided. Come on, you bastards! Follow me! But the helicopter did not follow. Instead it banked over the stern of the Goya, aligned itself, and dropped down, landing on the deck. No! Corky watched in horror, now realizing he'd left Tolland and Rachel behind to be killed. Knowing it was now up to him to radio for help, Corky groped the dashboard and found the radio. He flicked the power switch. Nothing happened. No lights. No static. He turned the volume knob all the way up. Nothing. Come on! Letting go of the wheel, he knelt down for a look. His leg screamed in pain as he bent down. His eyes focused on the radio. He could not believe what he was looking at. The dashboard had been strafed by bullets, and the radio dial was shattered. Loose wires hung out the front. He stared, incredulous. Of all the goddamned luck†¦ Weak-kneed, Corky stood back up, wondering how things could get any worse. As he looked back at the Goya, he got his answer. Two armed soldiers jumped out of the chopper onto the deck. Then the chopper lifted off again, turning in Corky's direction and coming after him at full speed. Corky slumped. Divide and conquer. Apparently he was not the only one with that bright idea tonight. As Delta-Three made his way across the deck and approached the grated ramp leading belowdecks, he heard a woman shouting somewhere beneath him. He turned and motioned to Delta-Two that he was going belowdecks to check it out. His partner nodded, remaining behind to cover the upper level. The two men could stay in contact via CrypTalk; the Kiowa's jamming system ingeniously left an obscure bandwidth open for their own communications. Clutching his snub-nose machine gun, Delta-Three moved quietly toward the ramp that led belowdecks. With the vigilance of a trained killer, he began inching downward, gun leveled. The incline provided limited visibility, and Delta-Three crouched low for a better view. He could hear the shouting more clearly now. He kept descending. Halfway down the stairs he could now make out the twisted maze of walkways attached to the underside of the Goya. The shouting grew louder. Then he saw her. Midway across the traversing catwalk, Rachel Sexton was peering over a railing and calling desperately toward the water for Michael Tolland. Did Tolland fall in? Perhaps in the blast? If so, Delta-Three's job would be even easier than expected. He only needed to descend another couple of feet to have an open shot. Shooting fish in a barrel. His only vague concern was Rachel standing near an open equipment locker, which meant she might have a weapon-a speargun or a shark rifle-although neither would be any match for his machine gun. Confident he was in control of the situation, Delta-Three leveled his weapon and took another step down. Rachel Sexton was almost in perfect view now. He raised the gun. One more step. The flurry of movement came from beneath him, under the stairs. Delta-Three was more confused than frightened as he looked down and saw Michael Tolland thrusting an aluminum pole out toward his feet. Although Delta-Three had been tricked, he almost laughed at this lame attempt to trip him up. Then he felt the tip of the stick connect with his heel. A blast of white-hot pain shot through his body as his right foot exploded out from under him from a blistering impact. His balance gone, Delta-Three flailed, tumbling down the stairs. His machine gun clattered down the ramp and went overboard as he collapsed on the catwalk. In anguish, he curled up to grip his right foot, but it was no longer there. Tolland was standing over his attacker immediately with his hands still clenching the smoking bang-stick-a five-foot Powerhead Shark-Control Device. The aluminum pole had been tipped with a pressure-sensitive, twelve-gauge shotgun shell and was intended for self-defense in the event of shark attack. Tolland had reloaded the bang-stick with another shell, and now held the jagged, smoldering point to his attacker's Adam's apple. The man lay on his back as if paralyzed, staring up at Tolland with an expression of astonished rage and agony. Rachel came running up the catwalk. The plan was for her to take the man's machine gun, but unfortunately the weapon had gone over the edge of the catwalk into the ocean.

Christopher Columbus: Journey and Colonization

The letter reveals a sense of urgency and uncertainty in Columbus derived from the intimation between world powers over the Island of Espanola and the unknown direction the New World would take. Columbus' purpose in writing the formal letter is to explain to the â€Å"Most High and Mighty Sovereigns† what he considers pivotal in the settlement, extraction of gold, farming of land, and trade system of the Island of Espanola. Columbus' main concern, Spanish dominance in the New World, is clearly evident in the final paragraph, in which Columbus prays for â€Å"the increase of much greater states. The nature of Spanish presence In the Islands Is consequent to an RA of Immense competition between states over various colonies In Asia, Africa, and what would be known as America. For states Involved In colonization, such as England, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, colonies meant prosperity and power through vast riches, mostly gold: an increase in foreign commerce: and new ter ritory to utilize for farming and growth of Christianity.In these purposes there is a clear similarity between the values from the Renaissance and present-day values, in which governmental authority places large importance in the expansion and affluence of its rewriter. In the introduction to his points about colonization, Columbus displays a sense of respect and obedience towards Ferdinand and Isabella and requests support through reinforcement of colonists. Columbus misrepresents the new world as a group of islands, unaware of the much larger continents in which he had not yet arrived.In the Initial voyage, Columbus lands In the Caribbean thinking he has arrived In Asia, which Is why he names the Indians so. Despite his Incongruous concepts, Columbus' voyage proved vital to further colonization of the Americas. The mall body of the letter Is a set of thirteen points In which Columbus details the mall issues of colonizing the Island of Espanola and other islands, namely God, gold, and glory.The expansion of Christianity was highly important to Ferdinand and Isabella, who considered Christianity crucial to the national unity of the newly united Spanish kingdom in the Reconstruct period. Columbus states that the new world will be forcefully Christian and that the â€Å"conversion of Indians† shall be performed by â€Å"parish priests or friars†. Most of Columbus points refer to the extraction, processing, ownership, and trade of gold, the natural resource which most colonizers obsessed over.Columbus presents concerns such as â€Å"no one shall have liberty to collect gold In it except those who have taken out colonists' papers,† â€Å"that all gold shall be smelted Immediately,† and â€Å"there shall be a treasurer, with a clerk to assist him, who shall receive all gold belonging to your Highnesses. † The motive and obsession over gold Is consequential of its use as back-up value in currencies, fancy garments, competitive Expl orers were motivated to find gold by the â€Å"matter of the fifth,† which means that the explorers would be entitled to a certain amount of the riches derived from the land they discovered.To further expand on the importance of a successful trading system, Columbus explains another three points that refer to the stringent process of securing the gold. As most of the glory from colonization came from gold, the method of collection gold and shipping it to the motherland is very strict in order to prevent fraud. Parts of the process which Columbus proposes include â€Å"that it [gold] should all e placed in one chest with two locks, with their keys, and that the master of the vessel keep one key and some other person selected by the governor and treasurer keep the other. There is evidently a clear concern over the safety of the gold, which displays the main purpose of increasing affluence of the motherland. The colonization of the new world influenced an arms race between powe rful European states over the acquisition of gold and territory. Several states were exerting force over native people and exploiting the natural resources in a similar way the Spanish id in the Island of Espanola. Competition between powerful states is a centuries- long trend.Whether searching for gold or plotting the destruction of communism versus the destruction of capitalism in the mid-20th century, dominant states have a tendency to seek the greatest riches from their settlements and disregard the well- being of native peoples. In his letter, Columbus is successfully reactive to the desires of Ferdinand and Isabella and he satisfies their concerns that result from competition in order to pursue further exploration.